Que and Other Relative Pronouns of Spanish

Relative pronouns are pronouns that are used to introduce a clause that provides more information about a noun. Thus in the phrase the man who is singing, the relative pronoun is who; the clause who is singing provides further information about the noun man. In the Spanish equivalent, el hombre que canta, the relative pronoun is que. Que Tops List of Spanish Relative Pronouns Common relative pronouns in English include that, which, who, whom and whose (although these words also have other uses). In Spanish, by far the most common relative pronoun is que. As can be seen in the following sentences, it usually means that, which or who. Los libros que son importantes en nuestra vida son todos aquellos que nos hacen ser mejores, que nos enseà ±an a superarnos.  (The books that are important in our lives are all those that make us be better, which teach us to improve ourselves.)Comprà © el coche en que à ­bamos. (I bought the car in which we rode.)El politeà ­0smo es la creencia de que hay muchos dioses. (Polytheism is the belief that there are many gods.Mi hermano es el hombre que salià ³. (My brother is the man who left.) In some cases, que isnt translated as a relative pronoun in English because the two languages structure the sentence differently: Necesitamos la firma de la persona que ayuda al paciente. (We need the name of the person helping the patient.)No conozco a la nià ±a que duerme en la cama. (I dont know the girl sleeping in the bed.) Other Relative Pronouns If youre a beginning Spanish student, you likely wont need to use the other relative pronouns of Spanish, but you certainly will come across them in writing and speech. Here they are with examples of their usage: quien, quienes — who, whom — A common mistake by English speakers is to use quien when que should be used. Quien is most commonly used following a preposition, as in the first example below. It can also be used in what grammarians call a nonrestrictive clause, one separated by commas from the noun it describes, as in the second example. In that second example, que also could be used instead of quien. Es el mà ©dico de quien le dije. (He is the doctor whom I told you about.)Conozco a Sofà ­a, quien tiene dos coches. (I know Sophia, who has two cars.) el cual, la cual, lo cual, los cuales, las cuales — which, who, whom — This pronoun phrase must match the noun it refers to in both number and gender. It is used in formal writing more often than in speech. Rebeca es la mujer con la cual vas a viajar. (Rebeca is the woman with whom you are going to travel.)Conozca los principales riesgos a los cuales se enfrentan las organizaciones en la era digital. (Know the main risks which organizations are facing in the digital age.) el que, la que, lo que, los que, las que — which, who, whom — This pronoun phrase must match the noun it refers to in both number and gender. It is often interchangeable with el cual but is somewhat more informal in usage. Rebeca es la mujer con la que vas a viajar. (Rebeca is the woman with whom you are going to travel.)Hay un restaurante en los que los meseros son robots. (There is a restaurant in which the waiters are robots.) cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas — whose — This pronoun functions something like an adjective and must match the noun it modifies in both number and gender. It is used more in writing than in speech. It normally isnt used in questions, where de quià ©n is used instead, as in  ¿De quià ©n es esta computadora? for Whose computer is this? Es la profesora cuyo hijo tiene el coche. (She is the teacher whose son has the car.)El virus se autodistribuye a los contactos del usuario cuya computadora ha sido infectada. (The virus spreads itself to the contacts of the user whose computer has been infected.) donde — where — The Spanish and English words as relative pronouns are used in much the same way. Voy al mercado donde se venden manzanas. (Im going to the market where apples are sold.)En la ciudad donde nosotros vivimos existen muchas iglesias. (There are many churches in the city where we live.)

Essay on Gold Nano Particles - 551 Words

In recent years Nano sized materials play the significant role in science and technology due to their unique shape, size, peculiar properties and potential applications. Metal nanoparticles, which possess considerable electronic, chemical and optical [1, 2] properties, are different from those of the bulk materials. Among the several metal nano particles gold (Au) nanoparticles have attracted rigorous consideration for their numerous applications in catalytic , sensing, imaging, diagnostics [3-6], tunable surface Plasmon resonance, surface enhanced Raman scattering, electrical, magnetic, thermal conductivity chemical and bio stability and anti-bacterial activity [7-13]. Besides, Gold nano particles have widely been used as the platform†¦show more content†¦It is exuded from the bark of cochlospermum gossypium (bixaceae family) and it is largely collected by tribes. The primary structure of gum kondagogu is made up of sugars such as galactose, aabinose, mannose, glucose, gluc onic acid, rhamnose and galactoronic acid with sugar linkage of (1→2) ÃŽ ²-D-Gal p, (1→4) ÃŽ ²-D-Glc p, (1→6) ÃŽ ²-D-Gal p, 4-O-Me-ÃŽ ±-D-Glc p, (1→2) ÃŽ ±-L-Rha (29). Gum kondagogu is an acidic gum with major functional groups and identified in the gum is acetyl, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid and carbonyl groups. Gold has usually been regarded to be inactive as a catalyst. But gold in the form of nanoparticles shows excellent catalytic activity towards several chemical reactions (30). Nitro phenols are environmental poisons due to their toxicity (31) and inhibitory nature. In addition, Nitro phenols have highly solubility and stability in water (32). Due to this reason the reduction of 4-NP in to 4-AP is prominent. Sodium borohydride is a strong reducing agent, but, it has no ability to reduce the nitro phenol. NaBH4 is not effective in this reaction except provided with some catalyst to reduce the kinetic barrier of the reaction. A variety of catalysts were used in the past and, recently, pt (33), Ag (34) nanoparticles have been used for the same purpose. In this study the green synthesis of gold nano particles made by gum kondagogu is a core subject. This gum acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. We studied the synthesis of AuNPs and theirShow MoreRelatedGold Of Bacterial Detection By W illiam Farrell980 Words   |  4 PagesGOLD IN BACTERIAL DETECTION By William Farrell The purpose of this Poster is to inform you of the treatment of certain bacterial strains using a combination of ‘pulsed laser energy and absorbing nanoparticles selectively attached to the bacterium.’ (2006, The Biophysical Society) INTRO Nanotechnology has expanded human capabilities to perform tasks by manufacturing nanostructured materials with certain properties, properties which we use in many different areas. 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Play Report On A Look Back In Anger Essay Example For Students

Play Report On A Look Back In Anger Essay The play, A Look Back in Anger, by John Osborne brings the notion of the angry man gone mad to the surface. But what does this play teach us? Or, does this play teach us anything? At the end of this paper it will be evident that this play does teach us something, and that is how some people, as individuals, have their own ways of thinking, and reacting, which are considerably different from the social norms. Of course the character we will be analyzing is Jimmy. There are 3 stimuli that correspond to radical reactions by Jimmy. The first stimulus is love; Jimmy has ways of expressing his love to the women of his life that are different than the rest of societys. The second stimulus is the natural aggression towards threats, and most of these threats are small, that Jimmy expresses with Cliff, and also in Allisons mother, in particular. The final trigger to Jimmys radical way of reacting is that of death. It seems to be an image that haunts him throughout the play and he only brings i t to the surface after the halfway point. This, last, stimuli can be regarded as an explanation to his radical ways, that give him the image of the angry man. However, there is one over-ruling thesis that covers all three stimuli that is the basis of Jimmys radical behavior, and that is of women in general; Jimmy, as will be demonstrated in each section, is very insecure with the opposite sex, whether it is will girlfriends, wives, or landlords. On the topic of love, Jimmy has demonstrated his difficulty to conform to the social norms, in terms of being a gentleman towards women, especially his own wife, Allison. The first major indication of this problem was when Allison and him were showing their first mutual signs of affection, but they were required to result to role playing to fulfill their show of love. Jimmy: Youre very beautiful. A beautiful, great-eyed squirrelHow I envy you. Allison: Well, youre a jolly super bear, too. A really soooooooooooper, marvelous bear. Jimmy: Bears and Squirrels are marvelous Jimmy and Allison have proven that they must put on disguises to show their affection. Allison as a Squirrels, and Jimmy as a bear also demonstrates the way their perceive each other. A squirrel is small, weak, and helpless, as is contrary to a bear, that has the image of a vicious and barbaric animal. In this point of view, Osborne is showing us an analogy of how he perceives their relationship. Bears and squirrels dont really get along, mainly because they compete for the same food. In the play we see how Allison and Jimmy are incompatible, and when they speak of how bears and squirrels are marvelous, it just proves to show that they are blind to the fact that they dont belong together. However, it must be made clear that this is not due to Allison that they lock horns often, but it at Jimmys fault; he is seen as the instigator to every conflict in this play. Not only in terms of love, but also in regarding women altogether, Jimmy sees women as the enemy. Jimmy has attacked every woman in this play, physically or verbally, except for one, and that was Hughs mother who has dying. (this issue will be addressed in the last portion of this essay). First, we will look at the situation with Helena; as first it is evident that they hate each other, but then they kiss and become lovers. This is not only unusual, but shows the instability and unpredictability of Jimmys actions. The issue is that he sees Helena as an enemy that is trying to convince Allison to leave him; and Jimmy seems correct, because in fact, that is what happens in the end, but its quite unpredictable. Jimmy shows his disgust towards Helena when he says to her: What are you plotting? This is implying that Helena is out to mess his life up, this then leads to a confrontation that almost gets violent. To Build a Fire - Significance of the Words Dying EssayThe second person we can look at is Cliff; this is a different type of aggression that arises. Primarily because this is the only other male character that Jimmy comes in contact with in the play, and they have never stopped arguing throughout the play. A few times they even resulted in wrestling, in once case injuring Allison. This key in this situation is the communication problem, they ask one question to each other, and it is not answered until a dozen other questions are asked. The shocking portion of this relationship between them both is that Jimmy actually trusts Cliff. In countless scenes, it seems as if Cliff is actually Allisons husband, and Jimmy only reacts in a very minor fashion; and again, this just fortifies the notion that Jimmy is insecure when women are regarded, because the only person he trusts is Cliff. The Third and final stimuli is that of the notion of death, in many of Jimmys dialogs, he speaks of death and its implications. He is obviously emotionally scarred by his fathers death, from when Jimmy was only ten years old. He testifies that nobody else cared for his father but him; his mother didnt do much but tend to his physical needs. I learnt at an early age what it was to be angry-angry and helpless. And I can never forget it. It seems as though the anger was towards his mother, and women in general this thought in his mind is a recurrent in his speech and we see that he blames everyone for not caring for the dying. Later on Jimmys friend, Hughs mother, is in a hospital dying, and again we get the same events happen again. This is special, not only because it involves death, that really triggers Jimmys emotions, but because this lady is the only one who he shows any direct affection for. He declares that hes the only one who loves Hughs mother, and hell be the only one walkin g behind the coffin on the day of the funeral. The main significance that must be surfaced from this idea is that when it comes to death, gender does not matter to Jimmy. The reaction of his fathers death, and Hughs mothers death are parallel in every single aspect. Therefore, it can be said that Jimmys only vehicle to bring him in terms with women is death, and after the death of Hughs mother, we see a different Jimmy. He returns to the home, where Helena tells him that Allison left, and tries to remain the old self by threatening Helena, but he breaks down; she kisses him and they fall for each other. At this point in the novel we have hope for Jimmy that he has seen the light, but this is not the case. We can see that the author has easily illustrated this out for us by recreating the same scene as the beginning with Helena at Allisons initial place. Jimmy and Cliff argue over the same issues, and Helena is still at the ironing board. This goes to show that people like Jimmy do not change their ways of thinking overnight, this will take a long time before Jimmy accepts the social rules. By the end of the play we dont see any difference because when he returns with Allison, they still resolve to bears and squirrels to show their affection. In conclusion, the three stimuli have shown spark anger and passion from within Jimmy. However, the overruling trigger that sparks anger in Jimmy is the idea of women in general. He is obviously threatened by womens advancement in society and this is the main problem that he must overcome in order to become an acceptable person to society as a whole. English Essays